Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation | Speech Therapist Glossary
Speech
Therapist Glossary
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
Anomia
Inability to identify or to recall names of people, places, or things.
Seen with some aphasias.
Aphasia
Loss of language abilities and function as a result of brain damage.
It may affect comprehension and/or expression of verbal language,
as well as reading, writing, and mathematics.
Apraxia
A neurologically based motor speech disorder that adversely affects
the abilities to execute purposeful speech movements. Muscle weakness
is not associated with apraxia.
Articulation
Use of articulators (lips, tongue, etc.) to produce speech sounds.
It also describes a person’s ability to make sounds, as in
“her articulation contained several errors.”
Aspiration
The action of a foreign material(e.g., food) penetrating and entering
the airway below the true vocal folds.
Audiogram
A graphic illustration of hearing sensitivity. An audiogram depicts
hearing levels (in dB) at different frequencies (Hz) of sound.
Autism
A serious condition typically accompanied by severe deficiencies
of speech and language development, as well as nonverbal communication.
Difficulties interacting with other people and are common.
B
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
C
Central
Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD)
A
deficiency in the way the brain processes verbal/auditory information.
Children and adults that have CAPD often struggle to understand
the meaning of what is being said to them. Some people are born
with CAPD whereas; other people acquire it later in life.
(Is
CAPD curable? Learn more at AchieveHearing.com)
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
Also called a stroke. Damage to part of the brain due to a disturbance
in the blood supply.
Cluttering
A speech disorder characterized by rapid and sometimes unintelligible
speech; sound, part-word, or whole-word repetitions; and often a
language deficit.
Conductive hearing loss
Reduced hearing acuity from diminished ability to conduct sound
through the outer or middle ear; often due to abnormalities of the
external ear canal, eardrum, or ossicular chain.
D
Dementia
Mental deterioration characterized by confusion, poor judgment,
impaired memory, disorientation, and impaired intellect.
Developmental apraxia
A disorder of articulation characterized by difficulty acquiring
speech, inconsistent sound errors, and groping or struggle behaviors
during speech. Symptoms resemble speech behaviors of apraxia in
adults.
Distortion
A speech error whereby the intended sound is recognizable, but is
not produced correctly, Examples include “slurred” or imprecise
sound productions.
Dysarthria
A group of motor speech disorders associated with muscle paralysis,
weakness, or incoordination. It is associated with central or peripheral
nervous system damage.
Dysfluency
an Interruption that interferes with or prevents the smooth, easy
flow of speech. Examples include repetitions, prolongations, interjections,
and silent pauses.
Dysphagia
A disturbance in the normal act of swallowing.
E
Echolalia
An involuntary, parrot-like imitation or repeating back of what
is heard. It is frequently seen with some autisms and schizophrenias.
Expressive abilities
The abilities to express oneself. This usually refers to language
expression through speech, but it also includes gestures, sign language,
use of a communication board, and other forms of expression..
F
Fluency
The smooth, uninterrupted, effortless flow of speech; speech that
is not hindered by excessive dysfluencies.
G
Grammar
Systems, rules, or underlying principles that describe the aspects
(phonology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics, morphology) of language.
H
Hypernasality
Excessive, undesirable nasal resonance during phonation; nasal resonance
on a sound other than /m/and /n/.
Hypertonia
Excessive muscle tone or tension.
Hyponasality
Lack of normal nasal resonance on the nasal consonants /m/and /n/,
often a result of obstruction in the nasal tract.
Hypotonia
Reduced or absent muscle tone or tension.
I
Intelligibility
The degree or level to which speech is understood by others.
Interjection
The addition of a sound or word that does not relate grammatically
to other words in the utterance. For example, “ I want, you
know, to go, “ or “He was uh
going .”
Intonation
Changes in pitch, stress, and prosodic features that affect speech.
The lack of intonation makes the speech sound monotone and “colorless.”
J
Jargon
(1) Verbal behavior of children (approximately
9-18 months) containing a variety of inflected syllables that resemble
meaningful, connected speech.
(2) Fluent, well-articulated speech that makes
little sense, illogical speech consisting of nonsense words or words
used in an inappropriate context. For example, Get this
a splash of arbuckle.
K
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
L
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
M
Mean length of utterance (MLU)
The average length of each utterance taken from multiple utterances.
It is usually the average number of morphemes per utterance, but
it can also be use to describe the average number of words per utterance.
Mixed hearing loss
A hearing loss with conductive and sensorineural components.
Morpheme
The smallest unit of language that has meaning. Free morphemes (cat,
dog, me, etc.) can stand alone to convey meaning and
cannot be reduced any further without losing meaning. Bound morphems
(-ing, -s,-er, etc.) cannot stand alone;
they must be attached to a free morpheme to convey meaning.
N
Nasal
emission
When airflow escapes through the nasal cavity. Often seen in the
presence of an inadequate velopharyngeal seal between the oral and
nasal cavities. It is most frequently heard during the production
of voiceless sounds, especially voiceless plosives or fricatives.
Nasality
Sounds made with air moving through the nasal cavities. It is appropriate
during productions of /m/and /n/; it is inappropriate with all other
English sounds.
O
Omission
The absence or deletion of a needed sound. For example, articulating
so instead of soap.
P
Paraphasia
A problem with word substitution commonly associated with aphasia.
For example, saying mom for dad.
Phonation
The physiological process by which air moving through the vocal
tract becomes acoustic energy in the larynx; production of voiced
(versus voiceless) sounds.
Pragmatics
The study of the rules that govern and describe how language is
used during different situations, in light of its context and environment.
Prolongation
The inappropriate lengthening of a sound production. For example,
prolonging the vowel in the word gooood.
Prosody
Variations in rate, loudness, stress, intonation, and rhythm producing
the melodic components of speech.
Puree diet
A diet that consists of foods that are blended to a soft texture,
like that of pudding or applesauce. It may be recommended for clients
who have dysphagia.le.
Q
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
R
Receptive
abilities
The ability to understand or comprehend language. It usually refers
to the ability to understand verbal expression, but it also includes
the ability to understand sign language, writing, Braille, and other
forms of language.
Reflux
Backward flow of food or liquids that have already entered the stomach.
Repetition
In dysfluent speech, the abnormal additional productions of a sound,
syllable, word or phrase. For example, I-I-I-I-I
want to go.
Resonance
Vibration of one or more structures related to the source of the
sound; vibration above or below the sound source (the larynx for
speech). In voice, resonance relates to the quality of the voice
produced.
Respiration
The act of breathing, including drawing air into the body (inspiration)
and expulsion of the air from the body (expiration).
Revisions
Verbalizations in which a targeted word or phrase is changed and
a different word or phrase is substituted..
S
Semantics
The study of the meaning of language, including meaning at the word,
sentence, and conversational levels.
Substitution
One sound is substituted in place of the target sound. For example
wabbit for rabbit..
Speech
Therapy
Reduced hearing acuity due to a pathological condition in the inner
ear or along the nerve pathway from the inner ear to the brainstem.
Syntax
The order of language, especially the way words are put together
in phrases or sentences to produce meaning.
T
Telegraphic
speech
Short utterances consisting primarily or exclusively of content
words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs). Grammatical words such
as the, to, or and are typically omitted. For example, “I
want to go” may be reduced to “want go.”
Traumatic brain injury
An acute assault on the brain that causes mild to severe injury.
The two types of traumatic brain injury are penetrating injuries
and closed-head injuries. The damage is localized or generalized,
depending on the type and extent of the injury.
U
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
V
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
W
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
X
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
Y
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
Z
No
words included at this time. Please contact Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Achieve
Hearing & Rehabilitation
5928
W. Parker RD., Suite 1000 | Plano, TX 75093
972-608-0416 | receptionist@achievehearing.com
Plano Audiology Website | www.achievehearing.com
Plano Speech Therapy Website | www.planospeechtherapist.com
Shipley, K.G., & McAfee, J.A. (1998).
Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology: A Resource Manual.
The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of product liability,
negligence or otherwise) for any injury resulting from any material
contained herein. This publication contains information relating
to general principles of speech therapy which should not be construed
as specific instructions for individual patients. Manufacturers’
product information and package inserts should be reviewed for current
information, including contraindications, dosages and precautions.
HIPPA
Privacy Notice
©2011 Achieve Hearing's Speech Therapist
Glossary 1st Edition, Copyright© 2011 Achieve Hearing &
Rehabilitation, Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
